Acido Láctico
Acerca del Famosísimo Acido Láctico |
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Por el Dr. Marco Antonio Flores Samayoa Hemos querido publicar este articulo aquí en nuestra pagina pues en ocasiones hemos hecho mención en varios temas sobre el acido láctico por lo que aquí hay una clara explicación de lo que es y como afecta a nuestro cuerpo cuando hacemos ejercicio. Para poder entender porqué se produce esta sustancia, es necesario saber su relación con el ejercicio y los diferentes tipos que existen, como el ejercicio aeróbico que es de larga duración y de moderada o poca intensidad. Dentro de estos deportes tenemos a la carrera, la natación, el ciclismo, los aeróbics, por citar algunos. Son ejercicios que se realizan de manera continua durante periodos que van desde los 15 minutos hasta horas como el ciclismo. Por el contrario, el ejercicio anaeróbico tiene la característica de ser de poca duración pero de gran intensidad. Son actividades deportivas consideradas como explosivas como: el salto de altura, de longitud, las carreras de 100 y 200 metros, los lanzamientos (de disco, bala y jabalina). Pues bien, cuando realizamos actividades aeróbicas (prolongadas) el combustible utilizado principalmente son las grasas (de ahí su importancia para bajar de peso) y los carbohidratos (glucosa). Cuando se produce la glucosa por esta vía produce como residuo de agua y bióxido de carbono. Cuando realizamos actividades anaeróbicas utilizamos como combustible la glucosa, la cual produce como deshecho por esta vía el famosísimo ácido láctico. Conociendo la cantidad de ácido láctico en la sangre podemos saber el tipo de metabolismo utilizado en el ejercicio. Se considera la cifra de 4 Mmol de ácido la que corresponde a lo que se ha denominado como umbral anaeróbico. Toda cantidad menor a 4 Mmol corresponde al metabolismo aeróbico, entonces el umbral anaeróbico es el límite entre el metabolismo aeróbico y anaeróbico. ¿Qué importancia tiene conocer las cifras del ácido láctico durante el ejercicio? ¿Cómo se realiza la cuantificación del ácido láctico? Este método es el ideal para realizar los entrenamientos pues en el momento mismo del ejercicio se realiza la evaluación y se indica si se mantiene, incrementa o disminuye la carga de trabajo. Se ha considerado que tanto la presencia de ácido láctico como la fatiga mecánica del músculo son las causantes del dolor muscular posterior al ejercicio sobre todo cuando lo hacemos por primera vez o reiniciamos entrenamientos. A continuación unos consejos para disminuir estas molestias: ¿Cómo disminuir el ácido láctico después del ejercicio? Otra manera de eliminar lo más rápido es mediante un masaje posterior al ejercicio o darse un baño de tina o preferentemente en jacuzzi. En el caso particular del ciclomontañismo la recomendación es que al finalizar una rodada o bien llegando a la cima después de una pendiente muy pronunciada no te detengas de golpe y ruedes unos metros alrededor para así disminuir la cantidad de acido láctico. No solo conocer como funciona nuestra bicicleta si no también como funciona nuestro cuerpo mientras rodamos no hará tener un mejor desarrollo y un mejor acondicionamiento físico. |
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